A Preliminary Analysis on Montserrat's HDI.

The small British Overseas Territory of Montserrat has had some tumultuous times. In July 1995, the  Soufrière Hills volcano erupted, covering the former capital of Plymouth in volcanic mud and rendering the southern half of the island uninhabitable. 90 percent of its 13,000 population evacuated or emigrated out, and the population has only recently rebounded to close to 5,000 in recent years.

I was then mighty surprised, when I was looking at the data for the island, that the Human Development Index, or HDI, was unavailable for the island. Perhaps it's its status as a territory, or due to insufficient data, that there's no mention on it on the United Nations Development Programme's 2019 Human Development Report. The most recent World Bank document I could find from the island is from 1985. The United Nations Statistics Division has better data, but it's more than a decade old, often incomplete, and sometimes just plain wrong.

As much as I love UNdata, I highly doubt Montserrat is entirely female.

Given the lack of information (and sometimes data), I decided to set sights on obtaining the HDI of Montserrat, whatever it takes.

First, I must clarify what the HDI is: a statistic composite of life expectancy, education, and per-capita income. The closer it is to 1, the higher the human development of the territory in question. As of 2020, Eastern Caribbean countries are in the 0.700-0.799 tier, listing them as "high" HDI nations.

The math behind it seems complicated at first, but if you have the data, it's almost trivial to compute.

LEI = 0.8508

The first data point needed is the Life Expectancy Index, which can be calculated from the Life Expectancy at Birth. This data is readily available at the CIA World Factbook page.

EI = 0.6246

The second data point needed is the Education Index. This is significantly harder, as I could not find any data on the mean years of schooling or the expected years of schooling. I started with the six years of compulsory primary education and assumed full enrollment. The Government of Montserrat has a statistics department, but I had no luck accessing the education data. I resorted to use a 2014 Statistical Digest of the Ministry of Education, which had enough data to at least try to work it out. From there, I found out Montserrat had a drop-out rate of 2% between primary and secondary education so about 98% of students finish secondary education, giving a combined 10.90 expected years of schooling.

What about tertiary education? Montserrat possesses a community college, a branch of the public University of the West Indies, and the private University of Science, Arts and Technology. I could only find graduation info for the community college, for the class of 2017. I hope they are doing well.

In 2017, there were a total of 69 students in attendance. Assuming a constant rate of intakes and graduates over a two-year period, there was an intake of 34.5 students per year. This represents 65% of all secondary education graduates and, assuming that they all come from high school, this raises the expected years of schooling to 12.20.

It's just a guesstimate, but it seems reasonable.

For the mean years of schooling, I would need historical or more complete demographic data of the population, which I fear I will be unable to obtain. So I used an estimation taking the mean years of schooling for six similar Caribbean nations: Saint Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Dominica, taken from the UNDP's 2019 report. The arithmetic mean of them equals 8.5785 years, and that seemed reasonable enough to use for Montserrat.

II = 0.7299

With that data, the Education Index could be calculated, and we are left with the Income Index. For this, the UN Statistics Division did have good data which I promptly used.

HDI = 0.7293

Last, but not least, the calculation of the HDI requires to obtain the geometric mean of all three of them to obtain a final result.

And with that, the final estimate for Montserrat's HDI equals... 0.7293. This figure is on the lower end of the Caribbean countries, but still well within the range, and on the "high" HDI tier.

While I doubt I am the first person in the world to calculate Montserrat's HDI, I cannot find any other attempt at calculating it in my academic research. This method leaves more than a couple of things to be desired in terms of data and methodological accuracy but, for a preliminary analysis of its HDI, it works just fine. Further research is needed, however, for a better and more precise understanding of the socio-economic situation of Montserrat.

1m40s

The Doomsday Clock is one hundred seconds to midnight.

The move was deemed warranted by the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists due to the increasingly perilous state of world affairs: saber-rattling in the Middle East, the dismantling of strategic weapons treaties, the research and development of hypersonic weapons, the chaotic and catastrophic effects of climate change (as well as inaction to combat it), the spread of fake news, and A.I. deregulation, among many others.

They are not alone in tolling the alarm bell: the United Nations Development Programme warned about increasing inequality across the world and the threat it poses to political and social stability, thousands of scientists refer to an unfolding "climate emergency," and political scientists toil away at describing, and explaining, political polarization.

In short, a lot of smart people are saying the world is getting somewhat dangerous and chaotic. At least more than before. And they're right: society is unhinged from prior expectations, and is working with hitherto unseen levels of information. The stakes—and risks—keep on rising.

What's missing from this picture is the other side of the coin: society has been increasingly improving over time, and there have been huge changes for the better in the last decade. Scientific advancements peppered the last decade. Rwandans are delivering medical supplies to the countryside via drones, for crying out loud!

While risks have been on the rise, so have living standards and development progress. To focus on the negative is to unfairly stick to a pessimistic view of mankind, clouding one's judgment of the overall trend which is, undoubtedly, all things considered, positive.

The risks are real, and we are wise to heed the warnings by the experts, but as doomy and gloomy as things may seem, the hands on the clock can always turn backwards.

The Scavenging Economy - an eyewitness account of the situation in Venezuela.

“Caracas, come and get your coffee candy to sweeten your day! One for fifteen thousand, three for a dollar!” cried the peddler in the crowded subway.

It sounds odd to hear prices openly quoted in dollars in the capital of Venezuela, a country that has accused the United States on numerous occasions of economic warfare, and which Nicolás Maduro called it the “criminal dollar” that was wreaking havoc on its economy.

After a fifteen-minute subway ride towards the city centre, I got off to buy some groceries. I carried five thousand in low-denomination Bolivares Soberanos (at the time of writing, about $0.10) to pay for incidental bus rides and the subway ride across the city, which turned out to be unnecessary: as it is often nowadays, the subway was free. I also carried about $45 in dollars to buy groceries for the holidays, which, if spent strategically, are enough to buy a week’s worth of food for a family of five.

I entered a small grocery store right across the street from federal government offices. In stark contrast to previous years, the shelves were stocked with local and imported goods: rows and rows of toilet paper, napkins, cornmeal, cleaning products, cereal, canned goods, and much more. This was not a fancy deli with wood boards, or an import-export warehouse: plain walls, casual staff, a few blocks away from a major public market. Next to the entrance, a posted sign indicated the current exchange rate. And the prices in Bolivars, if converted, would not be far off to those that you can find in American supermarkets.

The same situation can be seen all over: from roadside farmer’s markets, to convenience stores, to restaurants, to private supermarkets, even on street peddlers. The Venezuelan economy is de-facto dollarized, and its prices are approaching those found abroad.

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The year 2019 began with major political turmoil in Venezuela: in January, Nicolás Maduro was sworn in for a second term after a disputed election, prompting the legislative National Assembly to declare Maduro unfit and naming federal deputy Juan Guaidó as Acting President. This brought a constitutional crisis that has gripped the political landscape of the nation, and spilled over to a diplomatic confrontation, with most American and OECD countries siding with Guaidó’s government, and Russia, China, Iran, and South Africa supporting Maduro. Throughout the year, rampant inflation, rolling blackouts, economic sanctions and the collapse of the oil industry have battered the weakened economy.

At the same time, an influx of dollars through remittances, smuggling, and the ever-growing black market for goods and services led to widespread use of the dollar in many transactions: as a stable, widely-accepted currency, it became the currency of choice for most trade and de facto the currency of the nation outside of official institutions. The presence of a stable currency, coupled with quietly relaxing price and currency controls have led to an improved economic outcome, at least on the surface. Unless you are paying in Petros, Maduro’s new cryptocurrency, gone are the days of long queues in supermarkets to buy rationed goods at government-set prices, and instead, Venezuelans get a taste of the American tradition of Black Friday.

This velvet economic package gives a necessary boost to Venezuelan business, but it substantially increases the cost of living, especially for those that depend on pensions or minimum wage, which at the time of writing amounts to 150,000 BsS, or just above three dollars a month. Economic output still lags behind, and Venezuela is dependent on imports to supply its population with basic goods, including food. Many Venezuelans are stuck between not having enough to afford goods, and not being able to find better jobs.

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As I walked down the street, on the lookout to buy pernil at a good price, I encountered rows upon rows of street hawkers, whose assorted wares ranged from shoes to telephones. These are not bachaqueros, the infamous resellers of subsidized goods; these are Venezuelans selling second-hand belongings, often to finance their upcoming migration out of the country. Close by, a group of youngsters were begging for alms and rummaging through a garbage pile, as they cracked jokes to each other. Since the national economy went downhill, food scarcity has been on the rise, forcing many Venezuelans, even those with full-time jobs, to supplement their nutrition by sifting through garbage to find edible bits for them and their families.

Chronic undernourishment runs rampant. Eight out of ten Venezuelans are unable to afford animal protein. Government-issued food via the Local Committees for Supply and Production, or CLAP by their Spanish acronym, are a necessary staple for many Venezuelans who are unable to afford food.

While affordability is the limiting factor for groceries and many other goods, availability limits goods such as fuel and utilities. Gasoline is heavily subsidized to the point of being priced under the level of the lowest bill denomination, and for the lucky motorists that are able to find functioning, stocked gas pumps, filling up a gas tank costs less than an American penny. In lieu of cash, many motorists barter with cigars or even food items, and some don't even pay at all.

In areas outside the capital, gas is even scarcer; rationing has led to week-long gas queues in some areas and, more importantly, a breakdown of agricultural production and distribution, halving domestic agricultural output in the last year.

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I made my way back home and, luckily, I still had running water. On a good week, we get water three days out of seven, but it has been up five days now. Many others are not as fortunate. We keep a week's worth of water in tubs and buckets, just in case.

Access to running water is occasional in the capital, but scarce or non-existent everywhere else: Water availability has dropped 60% from 1999 levels, and residents have been forced to rely on streams and private wells for years now, as piped water gets rationed, and water tank trucks become unaffordable. Adding this to the collapse of the healthcare sector has resulted in an uptick of water-borne and vector-borne diseases in both urban and rural areas in Venezuela.

Along with the water crisis, Venezuelans have suffered from multiple nationwide blackouts throughout the year. As previously mentioned, these dramatically worsened the precarious economic situation, especially water and gas availability, and served as catalysts of the transition towards dollars.

Perhaps the clearest example of the general collapse of services can be seen in the city of Maracaibo: once a bustling port city and the capital of the Venezuelan oil industry, it has been reduced to veritable anarchy. Constant power outages break appliances and spoil refrigerated food, forcing many to buy generators or bribe their way through. Water scarcity forces residents to dig wells or procure water from polluted sources. Gangs of looters roam the city, sacking business and homes for food and valuables, and some are particularly violent about it. Not even death offers respite from scarcity, as hospitals, morgues, and cemeteries are overwhelmed and undersupplied.

The rest of Zulia state is faring even worse than the city. Lake Maracaibo is no stranger to pollution, but the collapse of the oil industry has led to a permanent black tide as the rusting pipelines and crumbling derricks leak crude oil into the lake, and looters scavenge what remains of the oil infrastructure, greatly affecting the wildlife and people who call the lake their home. There are no environmental recovery efforts in place to restore the ecosystem, or even to protect it from further decline.

A harrowing picture emerges, a picture chronicled by domestic and foreign photographers over many years of a humanitarian emergency that is often overshadowed by politics. In rural communities, barter has become the preferred means of exchange, as cash is both devalued and hard to come by. Foreign reporters openly wonder if Venezuela can be saved.

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I poured myself a Rum and Coke, courtesy of an old bottle left behind by family members who emigrated. It was a long day.

Irak, Islam, y Lawrence de Arabia. (Parte 1)

Bandera del Estado Islámico de Irak y el Levante

Un evento alarmante ha ocurrido en las últimas semanas en el Medio Oriente son las victorias de las tropas del Estado Islámico de Irak y el Levante (abreviado ISIS o ISIL en los medios de comunicación) sobre los ejércitos sirios e iraquíes, ocupando una buena cantidad de territorio y recursos. Su objetivo final es la creación de un califato islámico sunita en Irak, el Levante, y quién sabe qué otros territorios.

Territorio controlado por ISIS (en rojo) en Irak y Siria. En amarillo los territorios que buscan poseer.

En las últimas semanas, han logrado tomar dos de las ciudades más importantes de Irak: Mosul y Tikrit, saqueándolas (obteniendo quinientos millones de dólares en oro de la primera) y asesinando a todos aquellos relacionados con el gobierno chiita de Irak, sean militares o civiles, y causando medio millón de desplazados. Su radicalismo es tal, que han ganado la enemistad del gobierno y los rebeldes sirios, Irak, Kurdistán, e Irán, con Barack Obama planteándose enviar apoyo militar a Irak para evitar la caída de Bagdad y el gobierno iraqí.

¿Por qué no se le ha dado más atención a éstos eventos? La atención de los medios de comunicación ha estado enfocada en el mundial de fútbol, dejando los problemas en el medio oriente en segundo plano. Pero con éstos eventos, es posible que pasen pronto a primer plano. Ya prácticamente un Estado sin reconocimiento internacional, más sangriento que al-Qaeda, y con el potencial de prender una guerra sectaria en el Medio Oriente deben bastar para llamar la atención del mundo.

En otro post, voy a explicar un poco acerca de los orígenes del conflicto, y de cómo la situación va a empeorar en las próximas semanas...

Aquí les dejo a un link de un video de propaganda de ellos. Es fuerte.

Cortinas de humo

Vaya, hace tiempo que no publico. Pero viendo todo lo que está pasando en el país, no me puedo quedar callado.

Desde hace tiempo, el gobierno actual ha estado culpando las fallas en el sistema eléctrico nacional al sabotaje. Ya sea por  La Derecha, por los infiltrados en Corpoelec, o por la oposición venezolana, y por lo consiguiente se han tomado medidas, como la militarización de puntos de importancia del sistema eléctrico y la intervención de Corpoelec, así como el aumento de las sanciones y destitución de funcionarios.

Siempre hay una causa ajena al Gobierno.

Y no sólo en el sistema eléctrico. De manera mucho más reciente, en el sector alimenticio, en la economía, en PDVSA, en la situación de inseguridad en la que vivimos. ¿Qué culpa tiene el Gobierno Revolucionario? Ésos son infiltrados/saboteadores/agentes de la CIA/disociados de ultraderecha.

Históricamente, uno puede observar que los gobiernos totalitarios emprenden grandes esfuerzos en desviar la culpa hacia agentes foráneos al gobierno, o a sus líderes. Adolfo Hitler culpaba a los judíos y bolcheviques de las desventuras de Alemania y la raza aria. Joseph Stalin culpaba a supuestos enemigos contrarevolucionarios dentro del partido. Mao Tse-Tung perseguía a los intelectuales burgeses. Las dictaduras de América Latina acusaban a los comunistas e izquierdistas. Todo ésto para fomentar la infalibilidad del gobierno de turno, mediante la creación de chivos expiatorios.

¿Ocurre lo mismo en Venezuela?

Una cosa es cierta. Con nuestros gobernantes afirmando que debemos elegir entre papel toilet o Patria, expulsando embajadores de otros países y llamando de manera pública y en las redes sociales a un ciudadano de su propio país "mal nacido", no esperemos un cambio de actitud en el corto plazo.

Buenas noches, y me despido con un poco de electrónica genial.

Las Dos Chinas

La mayoría de ustedes recuerdan ése momento hace casi dos años en el cual nuestra ganadora del Miss Universo Alicia Machado, observando consternada un mundo que marcha al borde del precipicio de la guerra, alza su voz en un llamado a la paz y la unidad para el conflicto de Corea del Norte y Corea del Sur.

Como personaje público, sabe que éste llamado será escuchado por millones de oídos y trascenderá fronteras. Pondera bien su mensaje a las masas con hambre de paz, y valientemente publica en su Twitter un tuit que marcará historia:

"Esta noche quiero pedirles que me acompañen en una oración, por la paz que estos ataques entre las Chinas no empeoren nuestra situación" - Alicia Machado, por su Twitter.

 Su mensaje de unidad para Asia será recordado por varios como un noble intento para reconciliar a las dos Chinas, que desde hace tanto tiempo han estado luchando una contra la otra.

Ya va. Chinas?

China en el 2010

 Por supuesto que no. Son Coreas! Como pudo decir semejante barbaridad? Los medios y los internautas no se quedaron callados, y burlas, parodias, críticas y acusaciones de su nivel de educación volaron por la Web. Llegó a tal punto de cerrar su cuenta de Twitter debido a la lluvia de críticas que recibia.

Pero Alicia no se iba a quedar de brazos cruzados ante lo que claramente fué un malentendido. Obviamente ella se refería a las dos Coreas, jaja! Una mujer de tal calibre, ganadora del Miss Universo, trilingüe y portadora de dos carreras universitarias no puede cometer tal barbaridad.

"No me equivoqué, yo no cometí ningún error, lo que hice fue pedir una oración de muy buena fe por todo el conflicto que se está suscitando en Asia. Lo que pasa es que lo dije de una manera muy coloquial y fue malinterpretado. Obviamente, sé que hay un bombardeo entre Corea del Norte y Corea del Sur. Cuando digo "las Chinas" me refería a todo el continente asiático, como cuando decimos: "Ay, mira al gringo', y resulta que es canadiense. De repente, le dices chino a todo el que ves que es asiático... A eso me refería" - Alicia Machado, en una entrevista por radio mexicana.

 "Es que todos ésos amarillos son iguales de todas maneras"

¿Y saben qué? Yo le creo.

Alicia Machado no se estaba refiriendo al conflicto coreano. Se refería al duradero conflicto entre la República Popular China (la que todo el mundo conoce como China, que tiene la bandera roja, etc), y la República de China (mejor conocida como Taiwan), que se desconocen mutualmente, y que claman mutuamente soberanía sobre todo el territorio chino. Políticamente, Taiwan no es reconocido ante las Naciones Unidas por presiones de la República Popular China, y la RPC no ha podido someter a Taiwan bajo medios militares o diplomáticos por el soporte que recibe éste de los Estados Unidos.


De hecho, ése mismo año, las tensiones se acrecentaron por la venta de armas de EE.UU. a Taiwan, lo que provocó una crítica de la RPC a Washington. Si alguna vez a China se cansa de esperar, y le provocase adueñarse de Taiwan, Estados Unidos reaccionaría con fuerzas militares, si fuese necesario, para protejerlo.


Y, en vista de que ambas naciones tienen armas nucleares, cabría la posibilidad real de un holocausto atómico.


Señores, Alicia Machado, como ciudadana del mundo, sólo quería brindar un poco de esperanza a éste conflicto no resuelto, y fué recibida con insultos por parte de la mayoría de sus escuchas. Necesitamos más gente como ella, dispuesta a la reconciliación y la paz mundial si queremos forjar un futuro armónico para la humanidad.


TL;DR: Alicia Machado para Premio Nobel 2012.

Misiones!

¿Cómo comenzar?

Pasé la última semana completa y un poquito más (la Semana Santa) caminando y trabajando con gente genial en las montañas de Trujillo, realizando misiones religiosas. Sé que no soy la persona más religiosa que hay, pero ésto fué una buena oportunidad de realizar buenas acciones y aplicar en práctica las enseñanzas cristianas, algo que no ocurre muy a menudo en nuestra sociedad moderna.

Aparte de todo el aspecto religioso y de comunidad, tuve la oportunidad de hablar sobre diversos temas con panas; videojuegos, política, religión, música, sociología, arte y diseño gráfico. Tuve la oportunidad de aprender un par de cosas si alguna vez quisiera impulsar mi carrera artística, así como escribir bastante en mi diario, dibujar y tener un par de ideas para historias y hasta animaciones y películas. Quizás plasme un par de ellas pronto!

No sé qué mas escribir... Hoy es 11 de abril e inesperadamente no hubo cadena. Yay!

Cierro con un poco de Skrillex, para tripéarselo.

Cuatro Acordes

Gracias a un estimado amigo que me ha presentado éste video, he podido confirmar lo que desde hace tiempo he sospechado: La música moderna no es nada más que lo mismo, una y otra vez, pero con letra diferente.

Todas las siguientes canciones tienen la misma secuencia de 4 acordes (I, V, vi, IV). ¿Cuantas has escuchado?

La realidad política del venezolano.

Estaba en una fiesta/reunión de cumpleaños de uno de mis familiares, y el primer tema de conversación no fué nada más y nada menos que el supuesto regalo de 100 carros de Chávez para Cuba.

Nada de regalos, nada de "¡Qué rápido pasa el tiempo!", no. Chávez. Y luego empezamos a debatir acerca de si en verdad estaba enfermo. Unos decían que sí, que los doctores que lo atienden están bajo amenaza, que no sigue el tratamiento, que le quedan meses de vida. Otros afirman que no, está sano y sin cáncer, que es un show mediático para ganar popularidad. Otros sólo cuentan chistes acerca del "¡Pa' lante, Comandante!".

Entiendo que en éstos días la política y, en particular la salud de nuestro ejecutivo nacional nos concierne a todos, pero por qué todo el tiempo? Acaso no podemos hablar acerca de no sé, el frío que hace por las mañanas en Caracas, lo salado que estaban las pizzas que compramos o del viaje que hicimos hace unas semanas?

Me metería más en por qué, además, estamos demasiado divididos como oposición y todo eso, pero creo que ya es mucha política por una noche así que los dejo con un poco de trance music.

Un pensamiento acá.

Qué interesante es tener algo que te gusta. Desde la primera vez que lo ves, te cautiva; te llama. Le tomas fotos, lo escuchas cuando vas en el carro, la recortas del periódico y la pones en un corcho. Esperas para tenerlo, ahorras. Te compras los remixes, lo buscas por Google, hablas de ello con todo el mundo.

Pero poco a poco va sucediendo. Cada vez que lo ves, te das cuenta de algo nuevo, de que no es perfecto ni tan arrecho como creías. Le ves los defectos, piensas en cómo puede ser mejorado. Todavía te intriga, pero la luna de miel es ahora el día a día. Te aburre, te cansa y decides buscar nuevas experiencias.

Y entonces comienza todo de nuevo.